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Flow Cytometric Analysis of PFA-fixed HeLa cells. GRAMD4 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (PCRP-GRAMD4-1A10) followed by goat anti-mouse IgG-CF488 (blue); isotype control (red).
SDS-PAGE Analysis. Purified GRAMD4 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (PCRP-GRAMD4-1A10). Confirmation of Integrity and Purity of Antibody.
Analysis of Protein Array containing more than 19,000 full-length human proteins using GRAMD4 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (PCRP-GRAMD4-1A10). Z- and S- Score: The Z-score represents the strength of a signal that a monoclonal antibody (MAb) (in combination with a fluorescently-tagged anti-IgG secondary antibody) produces when binding to a particular protein on the HuProtTM array. Z-scores are described in units of standard deviations (SD's) above the mean value of all signals generated on that array. If targets on HuProtTM are arranged in descending order of the Z-score, the S-score is the difference (also in units of SD's) between the Z-score. S-score therefore represents the relative target specificity of a MAb to its intended target. A MAb is considered to specific to its intended target, if the MAb has an S-score of at least 2.5. For example, if a MAb binds to protein X with a Z-score of 43 and to protein Y with a Z-score of 14, then the S-score for the binding of that MAb to protein X is equal to 29.
The gene encoding GRAMD4 (GRAM domain-containing protein 4) maps to human chromosome 22, which houses over 500 genes and is the second smallest human chromosome. GRAMD4, also designated death-inducing protein (DIP), is a 578 amino acid mitochondrial membrane protein that acts as an essential mediator of the p53-independent E2F-1 death pathway, which is frequently found to be deregulated in several types of cancers. Overexpression of GRAMD4 results in a strong apoptotic response involving caspase-3 activation and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. GRAMD4 is expressed in lung and in primary lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and shows upregulation in mitochondria by E2F1 after addition of 4-hydroxytamoxifen. This evidence suggests that GRAMD4 may be a potential target for cancer therapies.
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