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Learn about our comprehensive antibody validation methods to ensure monospecificity. Antibody Validation>>
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human testis stained with Geminin Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (GMNN/4033).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human thymus stained with Geminin Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (GMNN/4033).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lymph node stained with Geminin Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (GMNN/4033).
SDS-PAGE Analysis Purified Geminin Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (GMNN/4033). Confirmation of Purity and Integrity of Antibody.
Analysis of Protein Array containing more than 19,000 full-length human proteins using Geminin / DNA Replication Inhibitor Monoclonal Antibody (GMNN/4033). Z- and S- Score: The Z-score represents the strength of a signal that a monoclonal antibody (MAb) (in combination with a fluorescently-tagged anti-IgG secondary antibody) produces when binding to a particular protein on the HuProtTM array. Z-scores are described in units of standard deviations (SD's) above the mean value of all signals generated on that array. If targets on HuProtTM are arranged in descending order of the Z-score, the S-score is the difference (also in units of SD's) between the Z-score. S-score therefore represents the relative target specificity of a MAb to its intended target. A MAb is considered to specific to its intended target, if the MAb has an S-score of at least 2.5. For example, if a MAb binds to protein X with a Z-score of 43 and to protein Y with a Z-score of 14, then the S-score for the binding of that MAb to protein X is equal to 29.
Geminin is a nuclear protein that regulates the initiation of DNA replication during the cell cycle. DNA replication requires the coordinated association of Cdc6 and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins with chromatin. Geminin blocks this assembly of the MCM into the prereplication complex and, in turn, prevents replication from occurring. Expression of Geminin fluctuates throughout the cell cycle with Geminin levels lowest at G1. Throughout S, G2 and M phases, Geminin levels are consistently elevated followed by a decrease during mitosis. The initiation of DNA replication is dependent on the degradation of Geminin during mitosis and the absence of Geminin throughout G1 phase. Geminin degradation is mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which specifically targets B-type cyclins and other proteins containing a destruction box motif for degradation by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. While geminin expression is essential in maintaining chromosomal integrity, it is frequently overexpressed in cancers and evidence suggests that it plays a significant role in tumor proliferation and progression.
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