CD40 is a transmembrane protein crucial for immune system regulation. With a molecular weight of approximately 48 kDa, CD40 is expressed on the cell surface membrane. Posttranslational modifications, including glycosylation, contribute to the structural and functional diversity of CD40.
The primary function of CD40 is to act as a co-stimulatory molecule in immune responses, particularly in the activation of B-cells. Interactions between CD40 and its ligand, CD40L (CD154), play a pivotal role in various immune processes, including antibody production, immunoglobulin class switching, and the generation of memory B-cells. CD40 is expressed in B-cells, dendritic cells, and other antigen-presenting cells. Additionally, non-immune cells, such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts, can express CD40 under inflammatory conditions.
Immune signals and inflammatory mediators modulate the expression of CD40. Its upregulation is often associated with immune activation and antigen encounter. CD40’s involvement in human health and disease is profound, contributing to protective immune responses and pathological conditions. Dysregulation of CD40 signaling has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Additionally, CD40 is involved in the development and progression of certain cancers, making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
Antibodies targeting CD40 have significant clinical applications in research and therapeutic development. In the research domain, CD40 antibodies are utilized for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry to assess CD40 expression in tissues and immune cell populations. In therapeutic applications, CD40 agonistic antibodies are being explored as potential immunotherapies for cancer treatment. By activating CD40 signaling, these antibodies aim to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses and enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Synonyms
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5, B-cell surface antigen CD40, Bp50, CD40L receptor, CDw40, B-cell surface antigen CD40; Bp50; CD40; CD40L receptor; GP39; HIGM1; IGM; IMD3; p50; TBAM; TNF receptor superfamily member 5; TNFRSF5; TRAP
Research Areas
Cardiovascular, Immunology, AKT Signaling, B Cell Markers, Complement System, Cytokine Signaling, Immune checkpoint