CD44 is a multifunctional cell surface glycoprotein with a molecular weight that varies due to alternative splicing. The standard isoform is approximately 85–95 kDa. CD44 is expressed on the cell membrane, where it plays a crucial role in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. Posttranslational modifications, including glycosylation and alternative splicing, contribute to the structural diversity of this protein.
The primary function of CD44 is to bind to hyaluronan, a major component of the extracellular matrix, and mediate cell–extracellular matrix) interactions. CD44 is expressed in various cell types, including immune, epithelial, and mesenchymal cells. Its expression is widespread across tissues and organs, with particularly high levels observed in the skin, liver, and lymphoid tissues. CD44 expression can be modulated in response to inflammatory signals, tissue injury, or cellular activation.
In human health and disease, CD44 is implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. Its role in immune cell homing, tissue regeneration, and cancer metastasis highlights its diverse functions. CD44 has been extensively studied in cancer biology, where its overexpression is associated with tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, CD44 is involved in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and tissue repair.
Antibodies against CD44 have numerous clinical applications, making them valuable tools in research and diagnostics. In research settings, CD44 antibodies are utilized for flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blotting to analyze CD44 expression levels and isoform diversity. In diagnostics, CD44 has been explored as a potential biomarker for various cancers, and CD44 antibodies are employed for IHC analyses of tumor tissues. Prognostic and therapeutic applications are also emerging, with CD44 antibodies being investigated as potential agents for targeted cancer therapy.
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Synonyms
CD44 antigen, CDw44, Epican, Extracellular matrix receptor III, GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor, HUTCH-I, Heparan sulfate proteoglycan, Hermes antigen, Hyaluronate receptor, Phagocytic glycoprotein 1, Phagocytic glycoprotein I, LHR; BA-1; chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 8 (CSPG8); Epican; Extracellular Matrix Receptor III (ECM III); GP90 Lymphocyte Homing Adhesion Receptor; HCAM; HCELL; hematopoietic cell E- and L-selectin ligand; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan; Hermes Antigen; HAS; HUTCH I; Hyaluronate Receptor; Indian blood group; Inlu Related p80 Glycoprotein; Ly 24; MDU2; MDU3; MIC4; MUTCH I; Phagocytic Glycoprotein 1 (PGP-1)
Research Areas
Cardiovascular, Immunology, Articular Cartilage Extracellular Matrix, Cytokine Signaling, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation, Neural Stem Cells