Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), also known as CD66a, is encoded by the CEACAM1 gene on chromosome 19q13.2. It consists of 526 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 70–110 kDa. CEACAM1 undergoes various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, and formation of disulfide bonds. This protein is primarily a membrane-bound glycoprotein, functioning as a cell adhesion molecule involved in cell–cell interactions, immune response modulation, and signal transduction. CEACAM1 is expressed in various organs, tissues, and cell types, including epithelial, endothelial, T, and myeloid cells. Multiple factors regulate its expression, including cytokines, growth factors, and inflammatory mediators. CEACAM1 has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune regulation, tumor progression, and infectious diseases.
CEACAM1 expression has been associated with certain cancers, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Moreover, CEACAM1 expression has been shown to have diagnostic and prognostic value in certain diseases. For example, in various cancer types, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer, elevated CEACAM1 expression levels have been associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and poorer patient outcomes. Conversely, decreased or loss of CEACAM1 expression has been linked to better prognosis and improved survival rates in some cancer types. Additionally, CEACAM1 expression patterns have been explored as diagnostic markers for distinguishing between different cancer subtypes and predicting disease aggressiveness. Beyond cancer, CEACAM1 expression may also provide diagnostic insights into certain infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders, although further research is needed to elucidate its precise diagnostic and prognostic implications in these contexts. Furthermore, one study showed that activating CEACAM1 with an agonistic monoclonal antibody inhibits melanoma cells.
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Synonyms
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, Biliary glycoprotein 1, Antigen CD66; BGP-1; BGPI; carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (biliary glycoprotein); CD66a; CEACAM1; meconium antigen 100
Research Areas
Immunology, Hematopoietic Stem Cells