CD35, also known as complement receptor 1 (CR1), is a membrane-bound glycoprotein encoded by the CR1 gene on chromosome 1q32.1. It consists of 2,039 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of approximately 190 kDa due to extensive glycosylation. Post-translational modifications of CD35 include phosphorylation and glycosylation. CD35 is a membrane protein that regulates the complement system, a key immune system component involved in host defense and inflammation. CD35 acts as a receptor for complement fragments C3b and C4b, facilitating their clearance from circulation and preventing excessive complement activation. Additionally, CD35 plays a role in immune complex clearance, antigen presentation, and modulation of T cell responses.
CD35 is expressed on various immune cells, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and certain tissue-resident macrophages. CD35 expression is regulated by various factors, including cytokines and inflammatory mediators, influencing its expression levels in different cell types and immune responses. Mutations in the CD35 gene or alterations in its expression have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, where dysregulated complement activation contributes to disease pathology. While CD35 expression may not be directly used for disease diagnosis or prognosis, understanding its role in immune regulation and complement activation could have implications for immunotherapy strategies and treatment response.
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Synonyms
Complement receptor type 1, C3b/C4b receptor, C3 binding protein, C3b/C4b receptor, C3BR, C4BR, Complement Component (3b/4b) receptor 1 including Knops blood group system, Complement receptor type 1, KN, Knops blood group antigen
Research Areas
Immunology, Complement System, Transcription Factors