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Cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK4) is a protein-serine kinase involved in the cell cycle. It is essential for the G1- to S-phase transition during the cell cycle and its expression is primarily controlled at the transcriptional level (PMID:17253961). CCND1- CDK4 axis is not only critical in glial tumor cells but also in stromal-derived cells in the surrounding tumor microenvironment that are vital to sustain tumor outgrowth (PMID:21844184). CDK4 is highly expressed in highly differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas, but rarely expressed in other benign liposarcomas and other sarcomas. CDK4 and MDM2 combined to differentiate between highly differentiated liposarcoma (+), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (+) and myxoid liposarcoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma, spindle lipoma, pleomorphic lipoma and other high-grade sarcomas.
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