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Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been identified as a molecule that induces IFN-Î � production and enhances NK cell cytotoxicity. IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) is a type I membrane protein present in lung, leukocytes, spleen, liver, thymus, prostate, small intestine, colon, placenta and heart, and absent from brain, skeletal muscle, pancreas and kidney. IL-18R is present in Hodgkin s disease cell lines, and does not bind IL-1α or IL-1β. The association of IL-18 to IL-18R leads to activation of NFÎ �B. At present two subunits of IL-18R have been characterized: IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ. IL-18Rα has been described as the ligand-binding chain and IL-18Rβ as the signal-transduction chain.
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