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Spectrin is an actin binding protein that is a major component of the plasma membrane skeleton. Spectrins function as membrane organizers and stabilizers by forming dimers, tetramers and higher polymers. Vertebrate spectrins have two alpha-subunits (alpha-I/alpha-II), four beta-subunits (beta-I-beta-IV) and a beta-H subunit creating diversity and specialization of function. Spectrin 伪 and spectrin 尾 are present in erythrocytes, whereas spectrin 伪 II (also designated fodrin 伪) and spectrin 尾 I (also designated fodrin 尾) are present in other somatic cells. The spectrin tetramers in erythrocytes act as barriers to lateral diffusion, but spectrin dimers seem to lack this function. Spectrin 尾 III is highly homologous to both spectrin 尾 I and spectrin 尾 II. Spectrin 尾 III is highly expressed in brain, kidney, pancreas and liver, and at lower levels in lung and placenta. Spectrin beta 3 is primarily expressed in nervous tissues with highest expression levels in the cerebellum, where it is found in Purkinje cell soma and dendrites.
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